What geographic features of Greece encouraged the independence of Greek city-states?

The country's mountainous terrain, many isolated valleys, and numerous offshore islands encouraged the formation of many local centers of power, rather than one all-powerful capital. Another key factor influencing the formation of city-states rather than kingdoms was the Mediterranean.

Source:

https://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/9b_p1.html#:~:text=The%20country's%20mountainous%20terrain%2C%20many,than%20kingdoms%20was%20the%20Mediterranean.

states

explanation:

as the old saying goes, all politics are local. state and federal governments affect our daily lives in numerous ways. yet, in our federal system, there is supposed to be a balance between federal and state power. as james madison envisioned it in federalist no. 51, “the power surrendered by the people” would be “divided between two distinct governments,” creating a balance of power that would enable the “different governments [to] control each other.”

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