The use of literacy tests during the post-reconstruction years was primarily an attempt to drive which group out of politics?

Literacy tests were intended for African Americans. 

Upon the fall of rome, europe ceased being influenced by the cultures of the mediterranean coast and was more influenced by germanic tribal confederations that had already taken over vast swathes of roman territory, although the influence of rome on the former empire was very strong in legal

They were busting people when they really didn't need to