Which of the following was not one of the forces of division within the Republican party in the early 1820s?

democratization of the political process

Explanation: hope this helps!

c. archbishop desmond tutu promoted the acknowledgement of the rights of black africans and expose human rights abuses.

d. leader haile selassie modernized african society through the institution of progressive social, economic, and educational reforms.

this is false

richard nixon was the 37th president of the united state and didn't serve as a vice president for any president before him