Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin transformed the nature of U. S. slavery in the early 1800s. Enslavement grew larger and more profitable than ever before in the nation’s history. While Southern states took steps to protect the practice, a growing antislavery movement was brewing in the North. Both free and enslaved African Americans took great risk in supporting abolition or aiding escaped slaves. They inspire modern movements to protect equal rights and protection for all. Now that you are familiar with the cotton gin, the Underground Railroad, and key abolitionists, you will reflect on your learning by answering questions.

You will answer each question with a paragraph of complete sentences of your own words. Be sure to mention specific events, people, and terms from the lesson to support your answer.

How did the invention of the cotton gin affect slavery in the United States?
What was the Underground Railroad? Your response needs to include and explain the terms conductor, lines, station, and freight.
How did men like William Lloyd Garrison, Reverend Lovejoy, and Fredrick Douglass participate in the abolitionist movement?

1) While it was true that the cotton gin reduced the labor of removing seeds, it did not reduce the need for slaves to grow and pick the cotton. Cotton growing became so profitable for the planters that it greatly increased their demand for both land and slave labor. 2) The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, and used by enslaved African-Americans to primarily escape into free states and Canada.  3) All of these men involved themselves in the abolitionist movement by speaking out. They all were against slavery and one in particular, Frederic Douglas, wrote many books after being freed from slavery. He was also invited to go on tour and make speeches about antislavery.

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