How long did the Middle Passage last?

What roles does climate change and natural resources play in global politics?

Was the civil war inevitable? could anything have been done through compromise to stop it, or did it have to happen?

1. what was the result of growing nationalism and pan-africanism on european-african relations? africans were encouraged to seek independence from europe. european colonialism grew and strengthened in africa. the change of power from european to african rule went smoothly. africans believed they could live peacefully with europeans.