"a lot of times, when things land at my desk—it's a choice between bad and worse. and as somebody pointed out to me—the only things that land on my desk are tough decisions. because, if they were easy decisions, somebody down the food chain's already made them."
— president barack obama, 2009
use the passage to answer the question.
1. which principle of bureaucracy does the quotation demonstrate?
a. formalized rules
b. job specialization
c. hierarchical authority
d. complex structure

The correct answer is C) hierarchical authority.

The principle of bureaucracy that the quotation demonstrates is the hierarchical authority.

This principle states that when the leader has more authority when he occupies the highest place in the Organization. This leader at the top of the hierarchy is entitled to make the most difficult of the decisions. In this case, that is why President Obama commented that the most difficult decisions had to be made by him. Other kinds of decisions could have been made by other members of his cabinet.

how did justinian contribute to the byzantine empire?

one famous byzantine emperor was justinian i. justinian ruled from ad 527 to 565. belisarius was the commander who led these armies in an attempt to win back the old western roman empire. the war effort to take back the western part of the empire forced justinian to raise taxes on the people of the byzantine empire.

explanation:

mark brainliest and have a great day!

after the french-indian war.