Which characteristics apply to ancient egyptian models placed in tombs? choose all answers that are correct.
a. shabti have hieroglyphics instructing them to do farm chores for spirits of the dead.
b. shabti were made from wood, stone, and faience.
c. models are enjoyable to study but provide little understanding of egyptian life and beliefs.
d. models of people doing daily activities ensured the spirits of the dead had what they needed.
don't answer unless you're 100% sure. this is multiple choice so there should be more than one answer.

A, B, D! I took the quiz and got these answers!

The answers are:

A. Shabti have hieroglyphics instructing them to do farm chores for spirits of the dead.

B. Shabti were made from wood, stone, and faience.

D. Models of people doing daily activities ensured the spirits of the dead had what they needed.

In their ancient culture, the Egyptians were much preoccupied with what happened after death for death was seen as a continuation of ones earthly existence.

This way time and energy was invested in the construction of pyramids and temples. For this reason shabtis – small statue mummy like figures were produced and believed to accompany the deceased into after-life to cater for his or her needs.   These figures ranging from 10 to 20 centimeters for the smaller ones and 60 cm when the deceased had some importance were made from stone, wood  and most commonly faience.

Hard work was much valued by the society and so apart from working for the upkeep of one’s family, one also had to care for the community. This obligatory public community work was a way of giving back a little of what one receives. This way, the pyramids were constructed by skilled artisans and workers who volunteers or paid hands.  On earth, when one died his place was filled by a friend or relative.

During early period of the New Kingdom, (1570 – 1069 BC) adult like male and female mummies found in the tombs represented the deceased and were made of stone or wood however later during that period they represented also the anonymous worker and were made of faience -a cheaper material.

Inscriptions made along with the shabtis known as “spells” reflecting the decrees made by the Pharaoh according to each individual’s skill that was reflected on the shabti. The spell most times reflected a desire of Osiris, this way the soul of the deceased  represented by the shabti would for example, be asked to till arable lands when necessary.

relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.

the articles of confederation only set up the continental congress at the federal level. there were no executive or judicial branches except within the states. the states were allowed to keep every right that was not specifically given to congress. the bonding of the states was through a 'firm league of friendship' that best served as a defense agreement against invasion. states were not allowed to use taxes as a way to discourage treaties, and states were extremely limited in their dealings with foreign nations.

not many historians today talk about the strengths of the articles of confederation, likely because of how unpopular the document quickly became. the articles did set the legislative body, congress, as the highest power in the nation because of the fear of monarchy. congress had the sole power to declare war, assign treaties, entertain foreign relations, and operate post offices. disputes between states and territorial issues were to be brought to congress. the document also stipulated that canada was allowed to enter the union if they desired.

there were more weaknesses than strengths under the articles of confederation. the lack of power given to the continental congress strangled the federal government. the articles gave congress the power to pass laws but no power to enforce those laws. if a state did not support a federal law, that state could simply ignore it. congress had no power to levy taxes or regulate trade. without a federal court system or executive leader, there would be no way to enforce these laws, either. amending the articles of confederation would also require a unanimous decision, which would be extremely difficult.