"checks and balances" is what americans call

the system of powers shared by separate branches of government

Explanation:

The checks and balances system is a system that exists within the separation of powers into three branches. When power is not concentrated into only one person and is divided into three branches, there is a need to create a system that avoids that one of those branches does not have a tyrannical power.

The system of checks and balances gives atypical powers to each one of those three branches so each one of them can limit the power of the other. One example of the checks and balances is the power of veto by the President.

c. women being denied the type of education men received