How did the invention of the printing press encourage secularism
a church literature became to expensive for most people
b fewer people were needed to serve in the clergy
c masses became obsolete for the faithful
d people could more easily share ideas that challenged church teachings

The correct option is D): people could more easily share ideas that challenged church teachings.

By definition, secularism is the doctrine of separation between government institutions and religious institutions.

After Gutenberg´s invention, the texts survival was guaranteed. This gave birth to the intellectual movement in Europe. People started translating texts belonging to ancient Greek and Roman authors. These works were devoted to all types of science,such as Maths and Philosophy, which involved ideas in opposition to the church beliefs.

the caste system in india is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. it has origins in ancient india, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern india, especially the mughal empire and the british raj.it is today the basis of educational and job reservations in india.it consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

the caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the mughal era and the british colonial regime in india. the collapse of the mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.the british raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration

i didn’t fully understand your question but i hope this you !