1.)which major cause of european exploration?
a- the need to reduce europe's population
b- a desire for direct access to spices
c- the need to limit the growth of arab empires
d- a desire for better fishing grounds

2.) how did portugal benefit from finding a sea route around africa to india?
a- it was the basis for building a large trading empire
b- it opened east asia to contact with europe
c- it increased the power of the catholic church
d- it introduced new navigation techniques

3.)how did the portuguese establish footholds and trade on africans coasts?
a- they explored inland and then established many permanent settlements around the indian ocean
b- they fought sea battles with the spanish to control access to east african trade routes
c- they established forts and trading posts on the coast and seized key ports around the indian ocean
d- they formed commercial alliances with the arabs who dominated the east african trade network
4.) in 1492, christopher columbus set sail westward across the atlantic ocean to solve a problem of geography. which of the following was the purpose of his voyage?
a-to explore previous uncharted continents
b- to find a faster water route to the east indies
c- to prove the world was round
d- to settle more land christian civilizations

5.) how did balboas search for direct route to asia differ from magellan voyage?
a- balboa reached the caribbean; magellan first saw the pacific
b- balboa found cuba; magellan sought a northwest passage
c- balboa crossed panama; magellan sailed around the world
d- balboa found the spice islands; magellan was shipwrecked

6.) which characteristic of the people in africa did prince henry of portugal see as an opportunity for christianity?
a- they had an interest in classical greek mythology
b- they gained navigational technology from buddhists in east asia
c- they practiced islams- and traditional native beliefs
d- they traded with hindus in india

8.) which describes the main reason why european powers expanded their presence in africa?
a- to explore african rivers and learn about african plants and animals
b- to cooperate with other european powers to spread christianity throughout africa
c- to expand their trade in africa, the indians ocean, and india
d- to make agreements with african leaders to work and trade together with arab traders.

1. I think there were three reasons for Europe to explore North America. First one was that European countries needed new trading route to interact with eastern countries. Second one was to build colonies to improve European powers on new territories. And the last one, they need to find new resources for trade. So I think, the most suitable answer from given above is: b- a desire for direct access to spices. 2. As far as I remember the sea route around Africa to India was an achievement of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama. It’s one of the most famous voyages during the Age of Discovery. Portuguese King John II wanted to monopolize the spice trade, so it was necessary to make trading route to Asia along African coast. According to this, I’d go with this a- it was the basis for building a large trading empire 3. As I’ve mentioned before, this voyage was only first step for Portugal to become a large trading empire. The next step is that they needed to establish their trading facilities in Africa. The best way was to build forts and trading posts on the coast, to create a trading route to asian countries around Indian ocean. So the answer is: c- they established forts and trading posts on the coast and seized key ports around the Indian ocean 4. I guess you know a story about one of the most famous explorer Christopher Colubus, who discovered North America. He had a plan in which he needed to sail west through the Atlantic Ocean to find a route to India. Unluckily he didn’t reach India, but he discovered North America. Anyway, the answer is: b- to find a faster water route to the east indies. 5. The answer is very simple. They travelled different distance. Balboa took risk and made a shortcut by crossing the forests of Panama, while Magellan sailed around the world in search for a bay which lead to the Pacific. Finally, the answer is: c- balboa crossed panama; Magellan sailed around the world. 6. If my memory serves me well, Prince Henry of Portugal wanted to find the sources of the arabic traders. So it was important to turn Africans from Islam to Christianity. It will lead him to this. According to that, the most suitable answer is: c- they practiced Islams- and traditional native beliefs. 8. As it was mentioned before, Africa was one of the most important trading routes between Europeans and Asia. Also it’s good to expand their territories and create colonies which enlarge their power. So I’m completely sure that the answer is: c- to expand their trade in Africa, the Indians ocean, and India