Will upvote every answer! multiple choice question!

original jurisdiction refers to

a. the supreme court authority to hear a case for the first time

b. the supreme courts authority to hear a case from a lower court

c. a lower courts authority to hear a case from the executive branch

d. a lower courts authority to hear a case from legislative branch

This was an order issued during the civil war by president lincoln ending slavery in the confederate states

Which statement in the passage best reflects sumer's opinion of the dred scott decision? a."i speak what cannot be denied." b."[the] judgment was sustained by a falsification of history." b."the opinion was more thoroughly abominable than anything history." i speak what cannot be denied when i declare that the opinion of the chief justice in the case of dred scott was more thoroughly abominable than anything of the kind in the history of courts. judicial baseness reached its lowest point on that occasion. you have not forgotten that terrible decision where a most unrighteous judgment was sustained by a falsification of history. -charles sumner, 1865

Why did the national government under the articles of confederation face bankruptcy?