Which are characteristics of china? select all that apply.

a) it had foreign spheres of influence.
b) it won the sino-japanese war.
c) it failed to institute reforms.
d) it avoided modernization.
e) it rapidly industrialized.

The correct answers are A) It had foreign spheres of influence, C) it failed to institute reforms, and D) it avoided modernization.

These are characteristics of China: It had foreign spheres of influence, it failed to institute reforms, and it avoided modernization.

For many years, China lived is isolationism. The geography of China (mountain chains, the Himalaya, Rivers, and the Ocean) made China a difficult country to invade but also isolated the country from what was happening in the world. After that, the mutual influence with Japan, or the first contact with the Western world to trade, were steps to include the country in the international orchestration of nations. The "Open Door Policy" instituted by the United States helped China to establish fair trade relations with Great Britain. France, Japan, the US, and Germany. And during the period of Mao Zedong, Communist China could not accomplish its goals with the Great Leap Forward.

the answer is a) high entry costs