Which of these statements describes a common characteristic of utopianism, socialism, and communism?

they all are compatible with the major principles of capitalism.
they all exploit labor but divide resources equally among the social classes.
they all emerged as a reaction to the harmful flaws of capitalism.
they all depend on an increase in population and workers’ rights.

They all emerged as a reaction to the harmful flaws of capitalism.

These ideologies share one important characteristic: they all emerged as a reaction to the perceived flaws of capitalism. Severe inequality, marginalization, exploitation, unfair wages and social dissatisfaction are all considered enormous problems of capitalist societies. During the nineteenth century, thinkers attempted to address these problems by looking for alternatives to capitalism. Utopianism was one of these alternatives, popularized by Robert Owen in England and Charles Fourier, Henri Saint-Simon and Étienne Cabet in France. Socialism and communism were also proposed, mainly through the work of Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx.