How could you tell if the karyotype is female or male?

What does the term “escalation” refer to?

Nationalist movements in the ottoman empire resulted in

Which instance of political expression would be considered symbolic speech? a. a student wearing all black to call attention to political issues b. a candidate for congress giving an interview to the media c. a demonstrator chanting anticorporate slogans outside a company’s headquarters d. a local citizen speaking up at a town hall meeting