Who studies artifacts scientifically? an anthropologist or an archaeologist

The answer would be archaeologist. An archaeologist is a person who studies human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.
On the other hand, an anthropologist would take a broad approach to understanding the many different aspects of the human experience, which we call holism. They consider the past, through archaeology, to see how human groups lived hundreds or thousands of years ago and what was important to them.