Aspecific failure of reconstruction was that
southern governments passed jim crow laws.
northern governments passed jim crow laws.
southerners continued to be slaveholders.
northerners continued to use enslaved labor.

Southern governments passed Jim Crow laws.

Explanation:

The laws of Jim Crow were state and local laws in the United States, promulgated by the white state legislatures, that at the time were dominated by the democrats after the period of Reconstruction between 1876 and 1965. These laws advocated the racial segregation in all public facilities by de jure mandate under the slogan "separate but equal" and applied to African-Americans and other non-white ethnic groups in the aforementioned states of the United States. In reality, this led to treatment and accommodation being generally inferior to those insured for American whites, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages. The de jure segregation was applied mainly in the southern United States. On the other hand, in the north, segregation was generally de facto predominantly towards blacks who lived in urban ghettos.

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c. had saved colonel cresap's family from attack by other native americans.