1.which of the following statements is true about the origins of the middle colonies?
a. all of the middle colonies were founded by english settlers.
b. all of the middle colonies were founded by dutch settlers.
c. the middle colonies were founded by settlers from different countries with the same religion.
d. the middle colonies were founded by settlers from different countries with different religions

2.which of the following did quakers accept?
a. the importance of paying taxes to the church of england.
b. the importance of taking off their hats for higher ups
c. religious pluralism
d. extravagant and ornate churches of their own

3.the framers hoped to keep the power of the national government in check
a. through the powers granted to the states
b. by electing only virtuous leaders
c. through the system of checks and balances
d. through annual elections for congressmen and the president

4."all persons born or naturalized in the united states…are citizens of the united states and the state wherein they reside." this excerpt from the constitution of the united
a. defines who is a citizen.
b. describes the naturalization process.
c. has led to a less diverse society.
d. is contained in the first amendment.

5.political parties were not mentioned in the u. s. constitution. why not?
a. the framers of the constitution assumed that parties would develop and opposed any restrictions on their formation.
b. the framers of the constitution did not anticipate that parties would form.
c. george washington, who was serving as first president of the united states opposed political parties in principle.
d. political parties were called factions in those days and are described in great detail in both articles 2 and 3 of the constitution.

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.

b is the answer i am assuming

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.