Which term, meaning "successor" in arabic, refers to a political and religious leader of islam after muhammad's death?
a. caliph
b. muslim
c. shi'ite
d. jihad

option a

explanation:

to cleberate the end of their war

2686-2181 bce-- "egyptian civilization developed along the nile river in large part because the river’s annual flooding ensured reliable, rich soil for growing crops."

1069-664 bce-- "ancient egyptians developed wide-reaching trade networks along the nile, in the red sea, and in the near east."