Ihave two questions:
is the reason the crusaders in the first crusade experienced such great success was that the muslims were not united?

in the late 800s and into the 900s, some popes were killed, including one who was suffocated with a pillow?

1.The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to capture the Holy Land, called by Pope Urban II in 1095. It started as a widespread pilgrimage in western Christendom and ended as a military expedition by Roman Catholic Europe to regain the Holy Land taken in the Muslim conquests of the Levant (632–661), ultimately resulting in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099

2.Sant'Angelo pope

Is there not a question though?

His belief that laws designed to the majority would succeed in aiding minorities as well