In the south during the late 1800s, grandfather clauses prevented

most white southerners from voting because their grandfathers were slaveholders.

most white southerners from voting because their grandfathers were in the confederate army.

most african americans from voting because their grandfathers were not able to vote.

most african americans from voting because their grandfathers were not able to read.

The correct option is: "Most African Americans from voting because their grandfathers were not able to vote."

At the end of the Reconstruction, the democratic legislators of the southern states found new means to restrict the voting rights of the blacks, through intimidation, violence and Jim Crow laws. In the period from 1890 to 1908, 10 states modified their state constitutions with new provisions that included literacy tests, capitation taxes or Grandfather Clauses that allowed people to vote because their grandparents already had that right that they otherwise would not have been able to vote , some illiterate whites were able to vote thanks to these provisions. Although its purpose was to curtail the electoral rights of people of color, as they applied to all voters, the Supreme Court ruled that these provisions were constitutional in a lawsuit of 1875 (United States vs. Cruikshank). Over the years the Supreme Court was declaring these provisions unconstitutional, in litigation that was presented by people of color throughout the twentieth century. Given this, the southern states protected themselves from these litigation by changing their laws to remain legal, causing that in the 1960s most of the southern states the majority of the African-American population did not have the right to vote.

take five to 10 minutes to warm up and cool down properly.

plan to start slowly and boost your activity level gradually unless you are already exercising frequently and vigorously.

be aware that training too hard or too often can cause overuse injuries like stress fractures, stiff or sore joints and muscles, and inflamed tendons and ligaments. sports prompting repetitive wear and tear on certain parts of your body — such as swimming (shoulders), jogging (knees, ankles, and feet), tennis (elbows) — are often overuse culprits, too. a mix of different kinds of activities and sufficient rest is safer.

listen to your body. hold off on exercise when you're sick or feeling very fatigued. cut back if you cannot finish an exercise session, feel faint after exercise or fatigued during the day, or suffer persistent aches and pains in joints after exercising.

if you stop exercising for a while, drop back to a lower level of exercise initially. if you're doing strength training, for example, lift lighter weights or do fewer reps or sets.

for most people, simply drinking plenty of water is sufficient. but if you're working out especially hard or doing a marathon or triathlon, choose drinks that replace fluids plus essential electrolytes.

choose clothes and shoes designed for your type of exercise. replace shoes every six months as cushioning wears out.

for strength training, good form is essential. initially use no weight, or very light weights, when learning the exercises. never sacrifice good form by hurrying to finish reps or sets, or struggling to lift heavier weights.

exercising vigorously in hot, humid conditions can lead to serious overheating and dehydration. slow your pace when the temperature rises above 70°f. on days when the thermometer is expected to reach 80°f, exercise during cooler morning or evening hours or at an air-conditioned gym. watch for signs of overheating, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, faintness, cramps, or palpitations.

dress properly for cold-weather workouts to avoid hypothermia. depending on the temperature, wear layers you can peel off as you warm up. don't forget gloves.

answer; i believe that the correct answer is,lies(political rhetoric);