Many tenement apartments in the early 1900s had
a. few windows and poor ventilation
b. garbage collection and sewer systems
c. indoor plumbing and hot water
d. safety features and fire protection.

A. Few windows and poor ventilation

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful