All of these were problems created by late 19th century urbanization except
a) a need for city planning.
b) a shortage of factory workers.
c) a lack of adequate transportation.
d) a need for an adequate water supply.

states

explanation:

as the old saying goes, all politics are local. state and federal governments affect our daily lives in numerous ways. yet, in our federal system, there is supposed to be a balance between federal and state power. as james madison envisioned it in federalist no. 51, “the power surrendered by the people” would be “divided between two distinct governments,” creating a balance of power that would enable the “different governments [to] control each other.”