What is the primary difference between a citizen and a non-citizen?

Which of the islamic empires (ottomans, mughals, safavids) were the most influential and why?

What impact did company towns have on working conditions? company towns were ideal places to live because of the cheap prices of company stores. entertainment value in company towns made them attractions for those in rural areas. education provided by company towns workers to progress in the company. conditions in some towns indebted workers to trap them in the labor system.

What from the columbian exchange had perhaps the biggest impact on the world?