By the end of 1877,

a) most white southerners had put their sectional feelings largely behind them and were almost fully part of the union culturally and economically again.
b) there was almost no hope left for “forty acres and a mule” by those who once had it.
c) the national government was weaker than it had been before the civil war.
d) most former slaves had migrated out of the south to sections of the country where there was less prejudice and segregation against them.

which question?

explanation:

which question r u talking about?

answer: secession

secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the american civil war, comprises the series of events that began on december 20, 1860, and extended through june 8 of the next year when eleven states in the lower and upper south severed their ties with the union. the first seven seceding states of the lower south set up a provisional government at montgomery, alabama. after hostilities began at fort sumter in charleston harbor on april 12, 1861, the border states of virginia, arkansas, tennessee, and north carolina joined the new government, which then moved its capital to richmond, virginia. the union was thus divided approximately on geographic lines. twenty-one northern and border states retained the style and title of the united states, while the eleven slave states adopted the nomenclature of the confederate states of america.

explanation: