Which of these best describes england's situation on the eve of the industrial revolution?

These are the answer options:

1. Repeated political revolutions impeded their ability to industrialize.

2. Its many coal deposits and navigable rivers helped to spur the Industrial Age.

3. Their lack of innovative spirit and technological know-how slowed their industrial growth.

4. Strong unions and a pool of highly skilled laborers helped to push them into the Industrial Age.

The correct answer is #2.

Explanation:

England possessed a series of favorable characteristics that made it the ideal place for the development of the Industrial Revolution.  In general terms, these characteristics were related to the social conditions of Britain's population, the economic possibilities, and even the natural resources available.  England was the world's industrial pioneer due to the combination of several favorable characteristics.  On the one hand the country possessed the capital for investing in new means of production, but it also had a considerable workforce.  England had already begun to revolutionize the textile industry on a small scale with the domestic system and the government saw the potential of furthering industrial investments.

In addition, England had abundant natural resources and markets to sell finished products, along with a functional system of rivers and ports to transport manufactured goods.

answer:   migrations were important in the neolithic period. "two major migrations passing through southeastern europe were confirmed by the means of archaeo-genetic studies."

the first migration was the early neolithic period -- 6,000 before common era (bce) -- when the first farmers, from anatolia -- asia minor -- spread through europe. the second migration occurred during the early bronze age (3,000-2,500 bce) when the so-called "steppe population," from the eurasian steppe, replaced much of northern europe's previous population.

the first farmers of northern and western europe passed through southeastern europe with limited hunter-gatherer genetic admixture, which occurs when two or more previously isolated populations begin interbreeding. however, some groups that remained mixed extensively -- without the male-biased, hunter-gatherer admixture that prevailed later in the north and west, according to latest discoveries. southeastern europe continued to be a nexus between east and west, with intermittent genetic contact with the steppe people up to 2,000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern europe's population.

"in some places, hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers seem to have mixed very quickly," says iain mathieson, a geneticist at the university of pennsylvania, who was first author of the paper. "but, mostly, the two groups remained isolated, at least for the first few hundred years. these hunter-gatherers had been living there for thousands of years, and it must have been quite a shock to have these new people show up -- with a completely different lifestyle and appearance."