After the removal of troops from the south, whites disenfranchised african americans, or 1 voted african americans into political office. 2 prevented african americans from joining parties. 3 took away african americans’ right to vote. 4 granted african americans the right to vote.

3 took away African Americans’ right to vote.

Explanation:

In 1890 Mississippi adopted another constitution, which contained arrangements for voter enrollment which required voters settle survey government expenses and breeze through a literacy test. The education test was abstractly connected by white overseers, and the two arrangements successfully disenfranchised most blacks and numerous poor whites.

The sacred arrangements endure a Supreme Court challenge in Williams v. Mississippi. Other southern states immediately received new constitutions and what they called the "Mississippi plan."

so they can defeat there oppenent

name two ways organisms join a population and two ways organisms leave a population. two ways organisms join a population are birth rate and immigration. two ways they leave are death rate and emigration.

explanation: