What happened in 1870 that made english people immigrate?

In the late 1800's, people in many parts of the world decided to leave their homes and immigrate to the United States. Fleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many came to the U. S. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity. Others came seeking personal freedom or relief from political and religious persecution. With hope for a brighter future, nearly 12 million immigrants arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1900.  During the 1870's and 1880's, the vast majority of these people were from Germany, Ireland, and England; the principal sources of immigration before the Civil War. 

Bis the answer because it deals with social insurance.