Three progressive reforms which gave more involvement in law making to the people

Historians have recently discovered a historical journal published in the early twentieth century. the journal contains facts based on original sources about the downfall of the early byzantium empire. historians consider this long-lost journal to be a breakthrough in their understanding of the byzantium empire. based on this information, the journal is a source.

1.     in what kind of government does a small group have a firm control over a country?  

As nation-states began to arise in europe, who became the most powerful individuals?