Congress passed the tenure of office act in 1867 to
change the approval process for appointees.
restrict president johnson’s powers.
extend greater rights to african americans.
limit the power of southern politicians.

kennedy used a range of this to develop a 'flexible response' plan for any international crisis. “he also expanded the it was important, because it ordered the fall of khruschev.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.