By the year 1550 which european country has established the largest empire in the new world

Spain

Explanation:

The expansion of European trade from the fifteenth century onwards impelled several European nations to pursue policies aimed at expanding the flow of trade as a means of strengthening the economic state of nascent national monarchies. In this context, Spain has taken a huge step in announcing the existence of a new continent to the west. At this moment, the New World arouses the curiosity and ambition that would materialize the colonization of these new lands. Many countries were influential in the new world, such as England and Portugal, but it is undeniable that by 1550 Spain had established the largest empire in this region.

they usually pass federal laws

and sometimes in the elections of the president