What were gorbechev’s economic reform efforts called?

   Perestroika

Explanation: Perestroika was a series of political and economic reforms in the Soviet Union, originally proposed by Brezhnev, which was conducted by Mikhail Gorbachev. The goal of these reforms that took place between 1986 and 1991 was the transformation of the threefold and bureaucratic economy and its adaptation to world market trends. This did not mean the abolition of a command economy that is characteristic of communism, but an attempt to make the conditions of socialist economy more efficient with the introduction of some market-like elements.

its many islands, high mountains, and remote peninsulas isolated population centers.