What did the 'thumbs down' sign mean in roman gladiator fights?

How might the first nations have reacted when they saw that the europeans were moving onto their lands and disrupting their way of life? (this was when the europeans came to canada and tried to claim land to themselves)

In 1073, the fight over who gets to choose bishops was between pope gregory vii and king henry the iv. t or f

How was george washington able to defeat the british in the battle of trenton and princeton