In what year was the ruling in brown v. board of education handed down?
a) 1945
b) 1954
c) 1961
d) 1970

The correct answer is B. The ruling in Brown v. Board of Education was handed down in 1954.

Explanation:

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling by the Supreme Court declared state laws that established separate schools for African-American and white students denied equality of educational opportunities.

The ruling was delivered on May 17, 1954; and established that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal". With this, the Supreme Court reversed the existing precedents from Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. As a result of this ruling, racial segregation came to be considered as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This ruling opened the way for racial integration for African Americans.

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