The magna carta is a medieval english document that restrained the powers of the king. it was the first document in which explicit rights of the individual were guaranteed in writing. read the attached knowledge article taking notes as you read, and then answer the questions that follow. be sure to include details from the text in your responses.

a. according to the article, how did the magna carta restrict the power of the king? what benefit did the nobles receive from restricting the king?

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b. which part of english society was completely exempted from restrictions under the magna carta?

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c. which powers were left to the king? what was important about the powers that remained with the king?

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d. explain how clause 39 of the magna carta was influential to the american revolution.

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In clause 12, the king is restricted in the types of taxes he can impose without approval of the Great Council (a group made up of the nobles). This restricted his ability to raise taxes for wars. This had been the main concern of the nobles in the years preceding the document, because taxes had been raised to fund a war against France. The nobility benefited because the Magna Carta defined individual rights and emphasized the role of laws in society. Clause 39 states, for example, that people should be punished only after a ruling by their peers (similar to the idea of a jury trial) or by the sanctions of the law. Also, the phrase "no free man" implies that all people should be treated equally under the law. By emphasizing this ideal, the Magna Carta restricted the king’s ability to punish his subjects.

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the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).