The united states often uses sanctions to a country. create an exception on impose a penalty on discourage trade with step into a conflict with

The correct answer is: "impose a penalty on a certain country or group of countries".

Economic and trade sanctions are common mechanisms in international affairs. They are imposed by a country, like the US, and they consist on setting a penalty on imported products from one or more other nations.

Sanctions aim to force the punished nations to change their behaviour or policies on a certain issue, by limiting their ability to trade with the nation or group of nations that has(have) imposed the sanction and, in turn, they negatively influence their economic growth opportunities.

For example, the US imposes a sanction aiming to force a country to respect human rights by abolishing child labor.

dirty, contaminated water

contaminated food,

chlostrophobic living spaces,

mice infestation,

etc,

the us constitution is a living document, meaning that it can be changed over time as the country changes.