Which of these had the greatest effect on roman culture during the late republic and early empire?
gaius marcus angering the senate by promising land to soldiers
julius caesar naming himself dictator and adopting his great nephew
growing trade of goods and spices with sicily and spain
the rise to political power of a series of poets and painters

The correct asnwer is B) Julius Caesar naming himself dictator and adopting his great nephew.  

In the year 45 BC, Julius Caesar named himself dictator, an exceptional political title of the Ancient Roman Republic that gave complete authority to a political figure during periods of conflict. Julius Caesar was extremely popular in Rome for all his military achievements and campaigns of conquest in Gaul. After that, he adopted his great-nephew Gaius Octavius as his heir.

This political movement marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. After Julius Caesar was killed in a conspiracy, his great-nephew succeeded him as the first emperor: Augustus.

the answer to your question is a because laws act as guidelines as to what is accepted in society. without it there would be conflicts between social groups and communities. it serves as a norm of conduct for citizens.