The 16th amendment to the u. s. constitution in 1913 gave the congress power to
a. pass an income tax
b. provide for the welfare of u. s. citizens
c. sue monopolistic companies
d. enact tariffs

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.