The Arab-Israeli conflict is a political-military conflict that sees the State of Israel on the one hand and the Palestinians and the surrounding Arab states on the other. The roots of the conflict lie in the rise of Zionism and Palestinian nationalism towards the end of the nineteenth century. The geographical territory of Palestine, then under the Ottoman-Turkish domination, was in fact considered at the same time by the Zionist movement as the historic homeland of the Jewish people and by the Palestinian nationalist movement as a territory belonging to its Palestinian Arab inhabitants. The inter-ethnic conflict between Jews and Palestinian Arabs in the British mandate of Palestine began in the 1920s. The main phase of the large-scale conflict between Israel and the Arab states took place from 1948, the year of the proclamation of the State of Israel, to 1973, and consisted of a series of Arab-Israeli wars: the 1948 war, the war of 1956 Suez, the 1967 Six Day War and the 1973 Kippur War. Peace agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt in 1979 and between Israel and Jordan in 1994, so that over the years the conflict has turned from a large-scale Arab-Israeli conflict to a more localized Israeli-Palestinian conflict, focused on the mutual recognition of sovereignty and independence of the State of Israel and the State of Palestine, proclaimed in 1988 on the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel in 1967. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict was also characterized by a series of wars between Israel and Palestinian organizations such as the PLO and Hamas: the 1982 Lebanon war, the first and second intifada and repeated wars in the Gaza Strip. Despite the 1993 Oslo Accords, which led to mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO and the creation of the Palestinian National Authority, and the recognition of the State of Palestine by the UN in 2012, a definitive peace agreement between Israel and Palestine has not yet been reached, while hostilities and peace negotiations continue intermittently.
