To prevent one branch from taking too much power, the constitutional convention set up a system of

Checks and balances

Explanation:

The system of checks and balances is designed to prevent one branch from taking too much power. Checks and balances refers to a system in which each branch of government is required to "check" the others in order to make sure they do not abuse their power. Moreover, the branches are set up in a way in which each branch "balances" each other out so that no branch can become too powerful and dominate the whole government.

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.