What effect did byzantine rule over constantinople as well as the islamic defeat by charles martel in 732 c. e. have on the spread of islam?

The effect that Byzantine rule over Constantinople as well as the Islamic defeat by Charles Martel in 732 C.E. had on the spread of Islam was that it prevented Islam from expanding into Western Europe.

The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital city was Constantinople.

according to romans 13: 1-7, 1st peter 2: 12-14, and 1 timothy 2: 1-4, christians as citizens have specific responsibilities to a nation that gives liberties to its people. christians are obliged to live as good citizens by submitting to the human government. honor, or respect, is due to men in the high governmental station. a christian should reflect such respect not to gain some favor but because it is god’s will. peter 2: 14 notes that the purpose of the human government is to promote peace and justice in society. to submit to human government, peter includes three elements; obedience, respect, and good deeds.