The three branches of government have powers that overlap each other. this federal design is called

The fact that the government is divided into three branches is known as the "division of power"  - the power is distributed to avoid power abuse, so that no instance has unlimited power.

The fact that the three branches are overlapping is known as "checks and balances" - the branches check the other  ones (whether their function is lawful) and balance each other.

For pro eating sensory information i believe it would be the parietial lobe.