Why did portugal grant independence to its african colonies?

Because Africa began a nationalist movements.

Explanation:

The Portuguese were the last europeans to give up their African colonies.

Guinea did declare independence in 1973.

Cape verde islands declared national independence on 5 july 1975.

Sao tome  on 12 of july of 1975 declared its independence and angola was added to this on november 1975.

louverture's prominent role in the haitian success over colonialism and slavery had earned him the admiration of friends and detractors alike.

explanation:

toussaint louverture began his military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in saint-domingue; he was by then a free man and a jacobin.

answer: ensure protection from communism

explanation:

the north atlantic treaty was largely dormant until the korean war initiated the establishment of nato to implement it, by means of an integrated military structure: this included the formation of supreme headquarters allied powers europe in 1951, which adopted the western union's military structures and plans.