John smith was born in phoenix, arizona, in the united states and has lived there his entire life. according to the 14th amendment, mr. smith is a citizen of the
a.
state of arizona
b.
united states
c.
united states and the state of arizona
d.
united states and the city of phoenix

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.