Which key factor fueled competition between
european countries for colonies in the americas?
(1) a european shortage of pepper and nutmeg
(2) a mandate from the papacy
(3) the desire to control sources of gold and silver
(4) the need to secure laborers for factories in
europe

There were of course several factors that fueled competition between European countries for colonies in the Americas, but the best option is "(3) the desire to control sources of gold and silver"

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. it may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. it includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. a holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). a hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. so probably family history.

They were busting people when they really didn't need to