What did spain, france, and russia have in common during the 1500's and 1600's?
a) they experienced long periods of peace.
b)they experimented with republican forms of government.
c) they saw the overthrow of their kings during these years.
d) they all has absolute rulers who built strong , central governments.

The correct answer is D) They all has absolute rulers who built strong , central governments.

The 16th century saw the rise and increasing power of the absolute monarchies in Europe, alongside with the development of mercantilism and the formation of the modern European nation-states.

After the rule of the Catholic Kings and the unification of Spain at the end of the 15th century, during the following century, the Spanish monarchy was among the most powerful of the world. This was due mainly to the wealth (gold and silver) taken to Spain from its colonies in the Americas. The most renown Spanish king of this period is Carlos V.

France was also under an absolute monarchy, whose most notable king was Francis I, who initiated the French Renaissance.

Russia as well was under a strong absolute monarchy. During this century, the most remarkable Russian monarch was Ivan the Terrible, who ruled over almost 40 years and was the first king to adopt the title of Tsar of all Rus. He is considered one of the fathers of the Russian state.

disease was the number one killer of native peoples. they had had little exposure to the diseases of europe. this led to some villages being almost completely wiped out and some tribes destroyed.

the correct answer is "pioneers carried all of their possessions on long and dangerous trails".

the first wave of pioneers travelled in 1842. they were merely 100 people. the next year that sum climbed to 1000 men, women, and children. these people travelled around 2,000 miles to oregon in the hopes of a better life. although the first part of the trip didn't present many obstacles, as time and miles went by they learnt that threat came from simple things, like becoming ill due to unclean water or bad food.

the weather didn't much, as wagons couldn't protect them from storms. as they travelled through the desert, the intense heat caused wood to shrink. their own lips abscessed and split because of the dry air. the only cure for this was to rub axle grease on their lips.

even crossing rivers was dangerous. sometimes wheels were damaged by unseen rocks on shallow water. mud didn't much either. pioneers were afraid of indian attacks, but there aren't many records of fights between pioneers and native americans. accidents happened because of negligence, exhaustion, guns, and bad weather.

history says that 1 of 10 pioneers who travelled to oregon didn't survive the journey. diseases spread fastly because they didn't have doctors and medical care was ofently improvised. one of the most deadly diseases they came upon was cholera, which became a worldwide pandemia.