I need help with this

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

the passage of a strict fugitive slave law

the answer in this question is b.(1) create a clear chain of command; (2) limit independence of lower-level workers.  the numbered pair of phrases that best completes the tables as it relates to the united states federal bureaucracy was (1) create a clear chain of command; (2) limit independence of lower-level workers.