What contributed to the rise of Mutapa? 1. An alliance with Portugal
2. Cattle herding
3. Abundant salt and copper resources
4. The spread of Christianity

Cattle herding

Explanation:

doesn't make any since

explanation:

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.