An important reason for China's rapid population increase in the 17th and 18th centuries was

- "the four new england colonies of colonial america included colonies of new hampshire, massachusetts bay colony, rhode island and connecticut."

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a system of cooperative federalism emerged, as the powers of the federal government expanded.

question as stated in comment

why did the chinese require the portuguese to pay for goods in gold and silver when trading?

choices

portuguese goods were less valuable than chinese goods.

the chinese already had a surplus of portuguese goods.

the imperial government wanted to stockpile gold and silver.

portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.

this a history q n in ancient time, theres no money exchange. so ans is portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.