How did the Umayyad Caliphate impact non-Muslim groups, such as Christians and Jews.

" Non-Muslims could often retain their own religions. They were required to pay a special tax, called a jizya, a source of income for the state. Many of those who did convert were not immediately accepted into the community. "

Source : khan academy

Hope this helps!

Yes i believe he was involved, but the main culprit was bill clinton