Discussion Topic In the Gettysburg Address, President Abraham Lincoln reminded Americans that the Civil War was a test of the strength of a nation built on the ideals of liberty and equality for all. Do you think these ideas are still important to Americans today? Why or why not?

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.